The margin of error for the full sample of 1,200 respondents is +/- 2.8 percent. Thirty-one percent respond that it is a major problem, 53 percent believe it is a minor problem, and a small minority (17 percent) believe it is not a problem at all. One way to understand the dynamics of discrimination at play is to place discrimination against Indian Americans in a comparative context. This project has been reviewed and approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board (Protocol #843855). 56 To find details on the Economist-YouGov collaboration or to compare some of the IAAS findings on Indian Americans with the American population more generally, visit https://today.yougov.com/topics/economist/survey-results. If you enjoyed this article, please support us today! Within strata, matches were selected by weighted sampling with replacements (using the person weights on the ACS public use file). Irish immigration. Milan Vaishnav is a senior fellow and director of the South Asia Program and the host of the Grand Tamasha podcast at Carnegie, where he focuses on India's political economy, governance, state capacity, distributive politics, and electoral behavior. The western state of Gujarat emerges as the most common home state, with 14 percent of respondents calling it their home, followed by Maharashtra (12 percent), Andhra Pradesh (10 percent), and Tamil Nadu (9 percent). The data suggest that discrimination based on skin color is the most common form of bias: 30 percent of respondents report feeling discriminated against due to the color of their skin. Many Indian immigrants might have brought with them identities rooted in their ancestral homeland, while others have eschewed them in favor of a nonhyphenated American identity. Both U.S.- and foreign-born Indian Americans report significant discrimination based on skin color35 percent and 27 percent, respectively. Further analysis shows that both age and duration of stay in the United States are important. Not only are Hindus less likely to report attending religious services, but they are also less likely to say that they pray. First, the survey asks respondents to consider how discrimination against Indian Americans compares to discrimination directed toward other minority communities in the United States. Conversely, second-generation Indian Americans born in the United States are more likely to embrace the terms South Asian American, Asian American, and the nonhyphenated American. Foreign-born population by . All the analyses in this study employ sampling weights to ensure representativeness.15. 43 The survey asks respondents how comfortable they would be having close friends from various backgrounds. Sixty-four percent of this subset of respondents were naturalized after the year 2000, while the remainder received U.S. citizenship before that. Follow. However, there is marked variation by place of birth. As the number of Indian-origin residents in the United States has swelled north of 4 million, the communitys diversity too has grown. In terms of educational attainment, 48 percent of Hindus with an undergraduate education profess a caste identify compared to 43 percent with less than a four-year college degree. By race and ethnicity, more Asian immigrants than Hispanic immigrants have arrived in the U.S. in most years since 2009. According to the 2011 Indian Census, the distribution of the Indian population by language was as follows: Hindi (44 percent), Bengali (8 percent), Telugu (7 percent), Marathi (7 percent), Tamil (6 percent), Gujarati (5 percent), Kannada (4 percent), Urdu (4 percent), Punjabi (3 percent), and Malayalam (3 percent). When it comes to discussing politics with family and friends, there are only small differences across citizenship status. To produce the final data set, respondents were matched to a sampling frame on gender, age, and education. And despite the overall professional, educational, and financial success many Indian Americans enjoy, this has not inoculated them from the forces of discrimination, polarization, and contestation over questions of belonging and identity. The Asian population in the United States has nearly doubled since 2000, and Asians are projected to be the nation's largest immigrant group by the middle of the century, according to a new. Immigrants are projected to drive future growth in the U.S. working-age population through at least 2035. Thirty-six percent report that either all or most of their friends are of Indian origin, while 21 percent report that very few or none of their friends are of Indian origin. Nearly half of all Muslims (48 percent) say they attend religious services regularly as well. Responses are divided neatly into thirds when it comes to who is doing the discriminating: Indians, non-Indians, and people of both categories are almost equally to blame.49. . Please join us on the important journey to make Dallas a better place! On the matter of campaign finance, one-fifth of U.S.-born citizens report contributing to a political campaign, while just 13 percent of foreign citizens and 5 percent of non-citizens said they did so. Immigrants from Canada (96%), Oceania (82%), Europe (75%) and sub-Saharan Africa (74%) have the highest rates of English proficiency. 51 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?. The actual change is expected to come in 2055, when Asians will become the largest immigrant group at 36 percent, compared with Hispanics at 34 percent. Figure 19 displays the responses to this question, collapsing five response categories into three for ease of exposition. In 2018, the top country of origin for new immigrants coming into the U.S. was China, with 149,000 people, followed by India (129,000), Mexico (120,000) and the Philippines (46,000). Only 26 percent of Hindus who do not identify with a caste respond to questions about the caste composition of their social networks by answering dont know. This indicates that even though a large proportion of Hindu respondents say they do not identify with a caste, only a small fraction are unaware of the caste composition of their networks. Asian immigrants collectively comprised 28%, FBI Accused of Covering Up Buried Treasure. U.S. While the majority are immigrants, a rising share . The IAAS sample includes both citizens and non-U.S. citizens; the former category accounts for 77 percent of the survey respondents. Report. Religious differences, in particular, have emerged as a salient divide both in India and among members of the diaspora. Mexican immigrants remain Minnesota's largest immigrant group, but the number of Mexican immigrants living in the state declined over the past decade. The surveys initial question on whether respondents personally identify with a caste grouping is restricted to respondents who identify with Hinduism (and make up slightly more than half of the IAAS sample), where caste categories are reasonably well-defined.30 However, broader questions regarding the role that caste plays in social networks (discussed later) are asked of all respondents. In addition to new arrivals, U.S. births to immigrant parents will be important to future growth in the countrys population. The survey asks respondents whetherin the past one yearthey participated in any of four common methods of civic engagement: working with others in their community to solve a problem; performing voluntary community service without pay; attending a public meeting, such as for a school board or city council; or attending a protest march, demonstration, or rally. Because the results are largely the same, this study only reports results from the former. 1) The term "immigrants" (or "foreign born") refers to people residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. Respondents for this survey were recruited from an existing panel administered by YouGov. The results are displayed in figure 11. However, non-citizens are about as likely as foreign-born citizens to engage in the resolution of community issues (12 percent versus 11 percent). Of that segment that was educated abroad, 42 percent arrived in the United States with an undergraduate degree and another 38 percent had completed a graduate or professional degree before their arrival. The number of naturalization applications has climbed in recent years, though the annual totals remain below the 1.4 million applications filed in 2007. However, the magnitude of the effect is modest. This paper argues that while there is much that binds the community, there are also nascent signs that these common bonds are being tested as religious cleavages, generational divides, and political polarization invite fragmentation. By the 1930s, Italians were the largest immigrant group in the nation and in nine states, including New York, Louisiana, New Jersey and Nevada. To a certain extent, however, many of these factors are inseparable. Between 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign born from India in the United States more than doubled. To what extent does the community exhibit signs of shared solidarity, and are there signs of division as the group grows in number and diversity? An equal percentage of respondents18 percent apiecereport that they have been discriminated against due to their gender or religion. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA The balance (around 7 percent) consists of less frequently listed languages, ranging from Sindhi to Santali. Overall, 41 percent of respondents rate it as very important and another 37 percent rate it as somewhat important. Data from the Center for Migration Studies shows that 78% of immigrants in California were either naturalized or had some other legal status (including green cards and visas), and about 22% were undocumented as of 2019. 12 Sumitra Badrinathan, Devesh Kapur, and Milan Vaishnav, How Will Indian Americans Vote? Other popular home states include Delhi (9 percent), Punjab (8 percent), and Kerala (7 percent). The immigrant population in the United States is extraordinarily diverse, with immigrants hailing from almost every nation. Responses are very divided. Share with Friends Add To Playlist. Minnesota has proportionally fewer immigrants compared to the nation as a whole, but we have long been a state shaped by immigration. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Several Asian, African, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations in various states. Tuesday, May 20, 2014 . An additional 7.6 million immigrant workers are unauthorized immigrants, less than the total of the previous year and notably less than in 2007, when they were 8.2 million. Nearlyhalf a million immigrantscall Minnesota home, a population that includes citizens and non-citizens, students and workers, and refugees who fled their home countries. While this does not necessarily mean that two-thirds of Indian Americans are disconnected from their community, it does suggest that formal participation is somewhat limited. Thirty percent of Congress supporters are not comfortable having close friends who support the BJP; this is double the share of BJP supporters who are uncomfortable having close friends who are Congress supporters. Sixteen percent identify as a member of OBC and 1 percent each identify as Adivasi/Scheduled Tribe (ST) or Dalit/Scheduled Caste (SC). 14 Mary Hanna and Jeanne Batalova, Indian Immigrants in the United States, Migration Policy Institute, October 16, 2020, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indian-immigrants-united-states-2019. Respondents were allowed to skip questions save for important demographic questions that determined the nature of other survey items. To measure interreligious social distance, the survey asks respondents how comfortable they would be having close friends that are Hindu or Muslim. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax We welcome and appreciate comments onThe Dallas Express as part of a healthy dialogue. Indian Americans are the second-largest immigrant group in the United States. The remaining 23 percent of the sample consists of immigrants residing in the United States who do not hold U.S. citizenship. Caste has long been a sensitive and controversial issue in discussions about the Indian American community. Comments. Hover over a state to view the total number of immigrants and their top region of birth. South Korea 16,244. Fully one-third of respondentsa large proportiondo not express an opinion either way. 48 Mellini Kantayya, Hank Azaria Apologized for Playing Apu on The Simpsons. I Accept, Washington Post, April 22, 2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/22/hank-azaria-apologized-playing-apu-i-accept-i-appreciate-it/. However, the results point in the opposite direction. Immigrants are projected to drive future growth in the United States who Do not U.S.... Percent and 27 percent, respectively however, the communitys diversity too has.... To this question, collapsing five largest immigrant groups by state categories into three for ease of exposition American community using person! Within strata, matches were selected by weighted sampling with replacements ( using the person weights on the journey! 2000, the number of Indian-origin residents in the countrys population they pray Muslims ( 48 ). Part of a healthy dialogue full sample of 1,200 respondents is +/- percent! Place discrimination against Indian Americans in a comparative context having close friends from various backgrounds right your! 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